Manufacture of mustard.



' narrate srarns ATENT orrrcn.

HOWARD O. RUSS, OF NEW YORK, ARTHUR r. BEACH, or BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, AND HENnYr. KLEINFELDT, or NEWARK, NEWJERSEYfASSIGNOBS r0 ABBE ENGI- NEERING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

MANUFACTURE or MusrARD."

1% Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, HOWARD G. Russ, residing at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, ARTHUR T. BEACH, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings andSta-te of New York, and Henry 1*. KnmNrELDT, residing .at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, citizens of the United States of America, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Mustard, of which the following 'is a specification.

This invention relatesto the manufacture of mustard and more particularly to a novel mode of treating or converting the several ingredients to produce the finished marketable commodity.

Generally the objects hereof are to afford a mustard manufacturing process which will be satisfactory and workable in all respects,

which will be direct, simple and quick, and which effects a cheapening of the process and product.

The present invention also aims to increase the facility of manufacture and safety to the workmen and to improve the hygienic and sanitary conditions, thus aiding in the purity of the product.

The invention also aims to effect I an economy by saving loss of material, by the reduction of the power required for a given output, by reduction of the number of'machines and floor space, and by dispensing with the need ofhighly skilled workmen;

For many years past, withoutsubstantial change or improvement, mustard has been made and to-day commonly is made by the following, the principal or' only method known: The mustard seed is first prelimi narily crushed by means of'a pair of'intermeshing rotating rolls. The crushed seed is then placed togetherwith spices into tanks. The seed and spices are then steeped in vinegar and agitated in the tanks At this stage the materials are exposed and give off fumes which incur waste and danger to the health of the workmen; After this step the materials are conveyed by pumping to the next stage of'the' The next step is to pass the materials to a Specification of Ietters Patent;

- Application filed March 15,1913;

. tion process.

Patented. Oct. 28', 1913. seria1'No;754,55s.

set ofbur stones, or as it is called, a bur mill. This 'type of mill, which can handle buta very f mall quantity at a time, effects the first grinding of the material. The mill consists of two large cylindrical stones in face contact, one of which is rotated relatively to the other. The partly ground ma-' from the bur stones this it is common to pass the materials to.

a still further/set of bur stones, thus requiring three or more grinding operations, after which the finished product is passed into tanks' or receptacles for storage.

Hereinbefore the objects of this invention have been generally referred to.

It is particularly an object hereof to overcomepthe "objection of the many successive operations or steps j required in the heretofore employed process. dered the prior process complicated as well as slow and expensive. The elaborate na-' ture of. the prior process; has'necessita'ted many workmen, and, for some'of the steps at least, skilled'wo'rkmen have been necessary.

Much .ZLttQIltlOIliiS required to see that the machines are working n -I. I

Another object is to overcome the objecthe prior process that the exposure of the materials allows escape. I It has been found thatthere is a constant tendency to give off fumes, and

these are so "strong as to render it imprac' under proper conditicab'le for workmen to enter the samero-om,

and'even when n. exhaust fan is installed to minimize the difficulty the existing fumes are deleterious'to health, p

Another object hereof is to overc'ome the objection of the priorprocess that the escape of the fumes an d the large evaporationwhi'ch takes place Q causes a considerable loss of material,"re'sulting' in the substantial de-' crease of the strength of the product.

Another obj ect hereof is to overcome the objection that'it isquite impossible to render These" have ren- I repeated fumes to the prior process very sanitary owing not only to the great number of operations 1n handling the materials, but also to the continual exposure to the air.

Another object hereof is to reduce the expense and maintenance of the apparatus. The capacity of a bur stone mill is very limited. There is a limit to the size of the stones; four feet in diameter is a fairly large size, and such a pair would incur a first cost of many hundreds of dollars. The small output of each mill necessitates a large number of mills for a plant of moderate capacity. The first cost and running expense is, therefore, immensely increased. The mill stones require at intervals to be redressed so as to restore the grinding furrows. lVithout the occasional redressing the mustard cannot be given the proper fineness and finish. The dressing of a pair of stones may be required to be performed at intervals of about three months, and on such occasions it requires the services of two men for about three days to properly cut and dress the stones for a single mill. With a great many mills the expense of maintenance is enormous.

he present invention very materially reduces the necessary floor space for a plant of given capacity, and also the amount of power required. Indeed, expense may thus be cut to a fraction of the prior expense.

The plan of the process of the present invention is to simultaneously mix the ingredients (vinegar, mustard seed, etc.) and reduce them by attrition, that is to say those ingredients including the mustard seed which require reduction. The vinegar being a liquid renders the process a wet one, and supposedly instead of the vinegar a similar or equivalentliquid substance might be employed.

The present process is described herein, particularly as being accomplished by tumbling the mustard seed, vinegar, etc., together with freely movable reducing bodies (such as porcelain pebbles) all of which may be put into a chamber or tumbling barrel for the purpose, and the material being subjected for a prolonged period to this process until it becomes of the required fine ness and smoothness of quality, whereupon the product is withdrawn or separated from the chamber and pebbles. The ingredients being put into the chamber in raw condition and being taken out in marketable condition, the process may be considered as a one-operation process. Of course, however, in its broad aspect the described process does not preclude the partial preparation or grinding of any ingredients, such as the mustard seed, and several of the ingredients might be associated by placing them in a single vessel before feeding into the chamber for mixing and reduction.

\Vhile the present process might be carried out with different apparatuses, the most convenient one is the rotary tumbling barrel which contains, or is partly full of, tumbling or freely movable reducing bodies. These bodies might be of porcelain or flint or metal or other substance.

The process hereof may be carried out in several ways. One mode of employing the process is by intermittently supplying charges or batches of raw material to the reducing chamber, and after the introduction of each charge completely reducing and mixing it in the chamber and then discharging or removing it, or the bulk of it, as a completed product before the succeeding charge is supplied to the chamber. -With a proper apparatus, however, the process might be continuously performed by substantially constant charge or discharge.

In proceeding according to this invention we first take proper proportions of the mustard seed and vinegar, together with the spices, sugar, and any other ingredients desirable. The proportions need not be stated as they may be similar to those already known in the art of mustard manufacture. Wheat flour may sometimes be included as an ingredient for the purpose of reducing the strength of the product. The ingredients referred to are then supplied to or fed into the chamber. The several ingredients may be fed singly or they may be fed simultaneously from a single container or otherwise fed. 1f the intermittent process be employed the charge or batch of ingredients may be introduced into the chamber through a manhole and the manhole cover securely bolted on so as to preclude leakage. The chamber may be, and according hereto is, closed and hermetically sealed during the operation. This is simply done with the non-continuous process and expedients may be devised for attaining the same end with a continuously operating apparatus. In either case an air pipe passing through the chamber wall to its interior may be employed for the purpose of relieving the pressure and of conveying gases, vapors and the like to the open air. There may be a stulling box where the air pipe passes through the chamber wall and no escape of fumes into the room is possible. Thus is prevented the hereinbefore recited dangers, discomforts and loss by escaping fumes; and by following these directions the process is rendered thoroughly sanitary.

The shape of the chamber or barrel and its manner of mounting are immaterial, although practically it should be mounted for rotating and the interior should preferably be lined with a material adapted to resist the acids of the mustard. The lining may consist of flintblocks or of porcelain, and will last several years Without requiring redressing. Other than this insignificant wear, the apparatus is subject to no appreciable wear.

The described apparatus is preferably run by rotating the chamber through a poweroperated pulley so as to cause for a prolonged period a thorough tumbling of the contents. Practically no attention is required and one workman may watch and care for a large number of apparatuses. The revolution will be comparatively slow, say

from forty down to thirteen per minute de pending upon the diameter of the barrel which may be varied from one foot to six or seven feet or even more, and which will be more etlicient with the larger sizes. The barrel may be mounted for rotation in any convenient manner, such as by an ordinary shaft or by a tire and rollers or by hollow trunnions.

The operation of tumbling the ingredients and the pebbles for mixing and reducing the mustard will be maintained until the product is reduced and mixed to a sufficient degree, and the time of operation Will depend somewhat upon the size of the barrel and its speed of operation. In some cases the entire treatment might be effected in the course of three hours.

If the process is carried out through a continuous feed and discharge apparatus, the ultimate fineness of the material will be regulated by the slowness of its advance through the chamber which in turn will be regulated by the rate at which the raw materials are fed into the chamber. Precautions may be adopted to maintain the chamber closed at the charging and discharging points, so that there will be no communication between the interior and the atmosphere. As the material travels toward the discharge it receives atremendous reducing action, more particularly by the attrition effected by the reducing pebbles, so that when the material passes out at the discharge end it constitutes a finished product ready to be bottled and marketed or stored.

o find that by this process an extremely effective reducing and mixing is secured. The mixing is thorough and uniform and the reduction by attrition is such that if the material were dried it would be in the condition of an impalpable powder. We believe it to be from these causes that the finished product possesses the glossy and smooth finish which renders it attractive to the trade and desired by manufacturers, and possesses to a high degree all of the desirable qualities of mustard. In a way the treatment of the material by this process effects more than a mere mixing and reduction. There may be chemical action between the ingredients, and besides that, we believe that the vinegar and the mustard seed oil become emulsified during the process. The

'mixing, reducing and emulsifying take place simultaneousl in a single operation in a single hermetically sealed chamber, thus 1n one step converting the raw ingredients into advantages of the present process will be understood by those skilled in the art.

What we claim is:

Y 1. The manufacture of mustard by mixing together solid ingredient including mustard seed, with a liquid, and tumbling the ingredients for a prolonged period in a chamber with freely movable reducing bodies.

2. The manufacture of mustard by mixingtogether, solid ingredient including mustard seed, with a liquid, and tumbling the ingredients for a prolonged period in a. chamber With freely movable reducing bodies while preventing the escape of the mixed materials from they chamber before complete reduction.

3. The manufacture of mustard by simulta-neously mixing together solid ingredient including mustard seed, with a liquid, and tumbling the ingredients for a prolonged period in a chamber with freely movable reducing bodies.

4.. The manufacture of mustard by simultaneously mixing together solid ingredient including mustard seed, with a liquid, and tumbling the ingredients for a prolonged period in a chamber with freely movable reducing bodies; whereby the materials are mixed and reduced and the liquid and mustard seed oil emulsified all in operation.

5. The manufacture of mustard by in one operation mixing together solid ingredient including mustard seed, with a liquid, and tumbling the ingredients for a pro-longed period in a chamber with freely movable reducing bodies; and then separating the finished product from the reducing bodies.

6. The manufacture of mustard by tumbling the mustard seed, vinegar and any other ingredients for a prolonged period in a chamber with freely movable reducing bodies, while maintaining the chamber substantially closed against escape of material.

7. The manufacture of mustard by measuring a predetermined charge of solid ingredient including mustard seed, with a liquid, subjecting the entire charge to operations in a. chamber, including mixing of all ingredients and comminution of solid ingredients, maintaining the chamber hermetically closed during the reduction and mixing of the charge, and thereafter withdrawing the finished product from the chamber.

8. The manufacture of mustard by measuring a predetermined charge of solid ingredient including mustard seed, with a In testimony whereof We have aflixed our 10 liquid, supplying the entire charge to a signatures in presence of two Witnesses. chamber, subjecting the same to a prolonged operation including mixing of all ingredi- ,g'

ents and comminution of solid ingredients, HIENRY F K maintaining the chamber hermetically closed during the reduction and mixing of the Witnesses:

charge, and thereafter Withdrawing the fin- M. A. MARTIN, ishecl product from the chamber. DONALD CAMPBELL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Iaienis, Washington, D. C. 

